THE ‘BIO-OXYGEN’ PROCESS
BIO-OXYGEN - The Natural Process
© Copyright Bio-Oxygen

THE BIO-OXYGEN PROCESS
Electricity is composed of electrons. Electrons have a negative charge. The electrons are pressurised inside the Bio-Oxygen electrode tube and are emitted in a radius of up to 1 meter around the electrode tubes and produce an electron shower, similar to a water sprinkler. As the air flows through the electron shower, the oxygen molecules absorb the electrons. When an oxygen molecule gains electron, it becomes more magnetic. The magnetic oxygen molecules are attracted to each other and agglomerate into O2-, O4-, O6- and O8- etc Oxygen Clusters. Aggregates are also formed which consist of a mixture of Oxygen Clusters and ordinary O2 Molecules. The Oxygen Clusters and Aggregates react with and remove pollutants from the air such as Odours, Gases, Chemical Fumes & Vapours, Tobacco Smoke, Nicotine and Tar and kill Bacteria, Fungus, Yeast, Mould, Mildew, Spores, Viruses, Protozoa and other Organisms. In addition, as the oxygen molecules gain electrons, they lose energy and drop in temperature and therefore Oxygen Clusters are colder than the surrounding air and the difference in temperature between the oxygen and nitrogen in the air imparts a tinge of freshness into the room air.

The degree of magnetism and the degree of reactivity that an oxygen molecule attains depends on the number of extra electrons that the oxygen molecule has captured. The more electrons it has captured, the more magnetic and the more reactive that the oxygen molecule becomes. An oxygen molecule with 1 extra electron will be magnetically attracted to another oxygen molecule with 2 extra electrons and one with 2 extra electrons will be magnetically attracted to one with 3 extra electrons and so on. At the core of every Oxygen Cluster is an oxygen molecule with the highest number of electrons.

THE BIO-OXYGEN PROCESS IS A NATURAL PROCESS
The Bio-Oxygen Process is the most natural of processes because the same process occurs in nature. In the open atmosphere, the sun emits electrons and showers the earth with electrons. The electrons are absorbed by the oxygen molecules in the ambient air and as the oxygen molecules gain electrons, they become more magnetic and are attracted to each other and agglomerate into O2-, O4-, O6- and O8- etc Oxygen Clusters. The Oxygen Clusters, in turn, clean the atmosphere of all the pollution produced in the world. A Bio-Oxygen unit acts like a miniature sun in the ducts. The process requires no Perfumes, Disinfectants, Chemicals or Catalysts and none are used. Bio-Oxygen does not incorporate a Carbon Filter. We require only clean ambient air.

Disinfection Process When a micro-organism is engulfed in one or several oxygen clusters then the body of the organism provides the Earth Point against which all the surrounding molecules discharge their electrons in a chain reaction short circuit discharge. The organism is continually bombarded with electrons from all sides and when the oxygen cluster is exhausted another cluster takes its place until the organism eventually dies from hundreds or thousands of electron shots. Organisms with Tough Cell Wall Spores have a very tough cell wall. In order to kill spores, they would have to be boiled in a pressure cooker for 2 hours at 120 C. Boiling at 100C will not kill spores. The electrons continually bombard spores until the cell wall is cracked or punctured and, as a result, the spore dies. Organisms with Hard Cell Wall Some organisms have a Hard Cell Wall. The electrons continually bombard the hard cell wall until the cell wall is cracked or punctured and, as a result, the organism dies. Organisms with Lipid Envelope Some organisms have a lipid envelope. Lipids are fats and are very easily oxidised and once the lipid envelope is oxidised, the organism is exposed and dies. Anaerobic Bacteria Anaerobic Bacteria live in an environment devoid of oxygen and to anaerobic bacteria even ordinary oxygen is toxic. When anaerobic bacteria are engulfed in oxygen clusters composed of 100% pure oxygen, they quickly die. Aerobic Bacteria Aerobic Bacteria live in normal air containing 21% oxygen, however, when aerobic bacteria is engulfed in oxygen clusters composed of 100% pure oxygen and are continually bombarded with electrons, they quickly die. How long does it take to kill a Micro-organism (A) The speed with which an organism is killed depends mainly on the size of the organism. The larger the organism, obviously the more electron shots it can take and the smaller the organism, the less electron shots it can take. For instance, Protozoa are the largest organisms and therefore can take the most electron shots, whilst Viruses are the smallest organisms and can only take a few electron shots. On a time scale, Viruses are killed in seconds whilst Protozoa are killed in minutes. (B) Whether the organism has a tough, hard or soft cell wall because it takes time to puncture or crack the cell wall and therefore it takes hours to kill Spores but then it also takes 2 hours to kill spores in a pressure cooker.

MICROBIOLOGICAL INDUCED CORROSION (MIC)
Microbiologically Induced Corrosion affects metals, plastics, timber, concrete and many other materials. In timber, MIC causes wood rot. Many plastics are more or less bio-degradable. MIC causes concrete to crumble. The replacement cost of unrecognised microbiological induced corrosion can be large in terms of rusting air conditioning ducting systems, crumbling concrete structures in sewerage tunnels, sewerage treatment plants and pumping stations. Structures that have been replaced are doomed to crumble again because MIC was undiagnosed in the first instance, a costly and unnecessary mistake.

How does MIC typically occur?
A layer of dust and particulates accumulates on the inside surface of Air Conditioning Ducts, Sewerage Tunnels, Sewerage Treatment Plants and Pumping Stations etc in which Bacteria, Fungus, Yeast, Mould, Mildew, Protozoa and other organisms grow and accumulate. Some organisms eat into the steel ducts and others eat the cement in the concrete which eventually causes the concrete to crumble.

Which organisms cause MIC
Numerous organisms cause microbiological induced corrosion; the most common ones are Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) found in sewerage systems, Iron Oxidising Bacteria (IOB) found in air conditioning ducts and Acid Producing Bacteria (APB). The corrosion by Iron Oxidising Bacteria forms tubercles and when a tubercle is broken-off, the corroded and pitted metal surface is revealed underneath.

The Bio-Oxygen Process kills the organisms that cause Microbiologically Induced Corrosion.

FREE RADICALS
Free Radicals are Atoms and Molecules that are deficient in electrons and therefore they steal electrons from other stable molecules. When an "attacked" molecule loses electrons, it becomes a Free Radical itself and begins a chain reaction. The Bio-Oxygen Process produces clouds of electrons and as the free radicals flow through the electron shower they receive all the electrons that they need and therefore our process extinguishes free radicals. Free radicals cannot exist in a Bio-Oxygen installation. Free Radicals are detrimental to good health and have been associated with cancer and premature aging.

CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon Dioxide decays naturally at a certain rate, however, Carbon Dioxide decays faster in the presence of Bio-Oxygen and, for this reason, Carbon Dioxide levels are lower in a Bio-Oxygen treated area than in a non-treated area. Bio-Oxygen is an environmentally green process because it enhances the decay of carbon dioxide.

PARTICULATES & CIGARETTE ASH PARTICLES
The Bio-Oxygen Process does not remove Particulates and Cigarette Ash Particles but that is the function of the Air Conditioning Filters anyway. In conjunction with Bio-Oxygen, we specify the following Return Air Filters:

'HEPA' FILTER versus BIO-OXYGEN
HEPA Filters are "High Efficiency Particulate Arresters" that are designed to remove Particles and Bacteria larger than 0.35 micron. Particles and organisms smaller than 0.35 micron, of course, pass straight through the HEPA filter irrespective what the efficiency of the HEPA filter is. However, together with the Bacteria, the HEPA Filters also remove particulates which consist mainly of organic material. As the organic material builds up in the pores of the HEPA Filters, it provides a source of food for the organisms. In a short time, the HEPA Filters become a breeding ground and become overgrown with all sorts of micro-organisms and the HEPA Filters themselves become a source of infection. As the air flows through the infected HEPA Filters, Bacteria, Fungus, Yeast, Mould, Mildew and Protozoa are continually dislodged from the downstream side of the HEPA Filters and are carried along by the air stream into the room. If a Bio-Oxygen unit is installed upstream from the HEPA Filters, it would continually disinfect the HEPA Filters. At the same time, the Oxygen Clusters would continually oxidise the organic material in the pores of the HEPA filter and would help keep the pores open and maintain the airflow through the HEPA Filters longer than would otherwise be the case. Bio-Oxygen extends the service life of HEPA Filters by up to double and that will reduce the HEPA Filter replacement cost by up to 50%. Bio-Oxygen extends the service life of HEPA Filters.

RESPIRABLE PARTICLES & CLEAN ROOMS
Respirable Particles are microscopic particles in the size range from 0 - 0.10 micron and consist mainly of organic material. In Clean Rooms, standard HEPA Filters are generally used to remove Respirable Particles but the HEPA Filters can only remove particles down to 0.35 micron and for this reason HEPA Filters are useless in Clean Rooms because you cannot remove 0 - 0.10 micron particles with a 0.35 micron HEPA Filter.

Standard HEPA Filters (0.35 mircon)
Standard HEPA Filters remove particles down to 0.35 micron and therefore smaller particles pass straight through such a HEPA Filter and accumulate in the room air and eventually the smaller particles fall out and contaminate the products being produced in the clean room such as Computer Chips, Micro Tracks on Circuit Boards and Medicines. The fall-out of airborne particles can cause up to 80% of the products to be rejected. A product rejection rate of 80% is unsustainable.

Dust produced in Clean Room
The Dust in a Clean Room is actually produced in the Clean Room itself by the processes and the activity inside the Clean Room. The dust that is produced in the clean room cannot be removed by the HEPA Filters in the fresh air intake because the HEPA Filters only filter the air going into the room and do not and cannot remove the dust produced in the room itself because the air in the Clean Room is not re-circulated over the HEPA Filters. The filtered supply air only passes through the Clean Room and is not re-circulated over the HEPA filters.

Special 0.10 micron Bio-Oxygen HEPA Filters
When we install our equipment in a clean room, we also recommend installation of special Bio-Oxygen HEPA Filters that remove Particles down to 0.10 microns. Respirable Particles smaller than 0.10 micron particles consist mainly of organic material which are oxidisable and are effectively removed by the Bio-Oxygen Process and in this way our process covers the whole range of particle sizes and not just the larger end. Our special HEPA Filters remove particles larger than 0.10 micron and Bio-Oxygen removes particles smaller than 0.10 micron. If we reduce the fall-out of dust in your Clean Room by up to 90% then we will also lower the product rejection rate by up to 90%.

Bio-Oxygen
By comparison, the Bio-Oxygen Process re-arranges the oxygen molecules in the Clean Room into Oxygen Clusters and the Oxygen Clusters, in turn, oxidise the airborne Respirable Particles smaller than 0.10 micron in the room air whilst the HEPA filters remove particles larger than 0.10 micron. The Oxygen Clusters oxidise the Respirable Particles as the particles are produced and float in the room. The Oxygen Clusters oxidise the Respirable Particles in mid air in up to 1 minute (depending on size) and therefore the concentration of Respirable Particles in a Clean Room can only be as much as can be produced in the room in up to 1 minute. For the Oxygen Clusters, the smaller the particle, the easier and the faster the particle is oxidised and therefore a 0.001 micron particle is easier and faster oxidised than a 0.10 micron particle. When it comes to filtering ultra fine particles, the opposite applies, the smaller the particle is the more difficult it becomes to filter. In any event, there is not filter anywhere in the world that is able to remove particles smaller than 0.10 micron and 0.10 is definitely the limit, however, this is the starting point for Bio-Oxygen.

100% Outside Air
Usually, in order to prevent the build-up of Particulates in a Clean Room, the air conditioning system of a Clean Room is always a flow-through system, using 100% outside air. The theory is that the more air flows through a Clean Room, the faster particulates and bacteria etc. will be flushed out of the room. The air conditioning system usually provides about 20 air changes per hour or 1 air change every 3 minutes. The conditioned air comes in on one side of the room and is exhausted straight to the outside on the other side of the room. A Clean Room air conditioning system is a 100% wasteful system because it wastes 100% of the conditioned air. An air conditioning system that uses 100% outside air runs flat out 100% of the time and therefore the compressors consume an excessive amount of power and wear out faster and as a result, also break down more often. The harder that the air conditioning has to work and the more energy it consumes, the faster the equipment wears out and the more often the equipment breaks down, resulting in unnecessary down-time and extra maintenance and repair costs.

90% Return Air
By comparison, with Bio-Oxygen, you can run the air conditioning system of your Clean Room as a normal return air system, using up to 90% Return Air and only 10% Outside Air. As you reduce the outside air intake from 100% Outside Air to 10% Outside Air, your air conditioning compressors will run on idle and the power consumption will immediately drop by up to 50%. The savings in electric power and reduced wear and tear of your air conditioning compressors and reduced break-downs will pay for the Bio-Oxygen equipment. Our special HEPA Filters will remove particles larger then 0.10 micron and Bio-Oxygen will remove particles and organisms smaller than 0.10 micron (from 0 to 0.10 micron). Your Clean Room is dirty in relation to what Bio-Oxygen can give you.

Extend Service Life of HEPA Filters
As a bonus, if the Bio-Oxygen units are installed upstream from the HEPA Filter, the Oxygen Clusters will oxidise most of the organic material in the pores of your HEPA Filters and will maintain the airflow through the HEPA filter longer and will extend the service life of your HEPA Filters by up to double. This will cut your HEPA Filter replacement cost by up to 50%. Furthermore, the Oxygen Clusters not only remove Respirable Particles but also remove Odours, Gases and Chemical Fumes and Vapours in the Clean Room which the HEPA Filter cannot remove. In addition to that, the Oxygen Clusters kill Bacteria, Fungus, Yeast, Mould, Mildew, Spores, Viruses, Protozoa and other Micro-Organisms in the room air and on surfaces in the Clean Room which is also beyond the ability of any HEPA Filter.

CARBON FILTER versus BIO-OXYGEN
Carbon Block Filters or Carbon Granule Filters are often used to remove Odours, Gases and Chemical Fumes and Vapours. Carbon Blocks are shaped like a house brick and have pores like wormholes. The wormholes go from side to side through the carbon block. The carbon blocks are stacked one on top of another like a brick wall. A powerful fan blows the air through the wormholes in the carbon block wall or through the carbon granules.

Contact Time
The theory is that as the Odours and Gases and Chemical Fumes and Vapours pass through the carbon, they make contact with the carbon and are absorbed into the pores of the carbon. The minimum required contact time for the odours and gases to be absorbed into the carbon is 0.20 seconds. However, as the polluted air is pumped through the carbon granule bed, the air follows the path of least resistance and therefore the polluted air tends to flow through the gaps around the granules rather than through the pores of the carbon granules because the pores offer more resistance. For this reason, carbon granule filters have a low efficiency.

Exhaust Temperature
Gases expand and contract depending on temperature. Therefore, the capacity of carbon to hold gases in the pores of the carbon depends on the temperature of the exhaust gases and the environmental temperature. As the temperature goes up, the gases expand in the pores of the carbon expand and begin to get squeezed out of the pores. For this reason, the temperature of the exhaust gases should be kept below 30 C and the temperature should not fluctuate.

Airborne Particulates block Pinholes
The pores of carbon block or carbon granule filter are very easily blocked by airborne particulates and once a pore is blocked, it cannot absorb any more odours and gases. Gradually, as more and more of the pores are blocked, the odour absorption capacity of the carbon is accordingly reduced and it is only a question of time before all the pores are blocked and the odour absorption capacity of the carbon comes to an end. Mostly the pores are blocked before the carbon filter has reached its maximum absorption capacity. If a Bio-Oxygen unit is installed upstream from the Carbon Filter, the Oxygen Clusters will continually oxidise the organic material in the pores of the Carbon and will help to keep the pores open longer and would help to utilise more of the carbon's odour absorption capacity than would otherwise be possible. We extend the service life of Carbon Filters by up to double and reduce the Carbon replacement cost by up to 50%. Bio-Oxygen enhances the performance and extends the service life of Carbon Filters.

Bio-Oxygen
By comparison, the Bio-Oxygen Process injects Oxygen Clusters into the exhaust stack. The Oxygen Clusters react with the Odours, Gases and Chemical Fumes and Vapours in the exhaust duct in 5 – 15 seconds. The electrode tubes are always installed in the path of clean outside air and the polluted air does not come into the contact with the electrode tubes and therefore the electrode tubes always stay clean. Once the Oxygen Clusters have bonded with an odour molecule, the Oxygen Clusters continue to act on the odours, gases and chemicals in mid air and the odours gradually diminish over 5 – 15 seconds. The odours can only travel as far as the air currents and wind can carry the odours in 5 – 15 seconds but along the way, the odours gradually diminish and become weaker and weaker until in 15 seconds, the odours are gone. The Bio-Oxygen Process is a positive process because it actually causes a chemical reaction to take place between the Oxygen Clusters and the odours, gases and chemicals. Therefore, the Bio-Oxygen Process is a positive process that works at the molecular level. Carbon Filters are a negative system because they only absorb the odours and don't do anything to the odours and chemicals themselves. An equivalent Carbon Filter would cost about twice as much as a Bio-Oxygen system. The maintenance costs of a Carbon Filter are also about the same as Bio-Oxygen but the performance and efficiency of a Carbon Filter is on a declining curve whereas the Bio-Oxygen Process remains constant for the duration of the service period.

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME

Healthy air has an excess of Negative over Positive Ions. Normally, as the air in a building is re-circulated and is forced through the ducting system, the friction of the air against the ducts destroys the Negative Ions which results in an excess of Positive Ions. As the Negative Ions diminish and the Positive Ions increase, people in hermetically sealed buildings begin to get tired, become more irritable and lose concentration. Our process is the antidote to Sick Building Syndrome because it introduces clouds of Negative Oxygen Clusters which freshen and invigorate the room air and take away tiredness and loss of concentration by workers working long hours. Tired people can't concentrate and therefore are more likely to make mistakes. Mistakes cost time and money to correct and reflects badly on your company's image. Many people have a constantly blocked nose or constant sniffles or have a constant cough and have difficulty breathing, especially when breathing air-conditioned air. The super fresh Oxygen Clusters clear the breathing passages and enable better breathing. Affected workers like coming to work because they can breathe better at work than anywhere else.

BIO-OXYGEN - The Natural Process